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Convection is specifically defined as the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids, which includes both liquids and gases. This process occurs when warmer areas of a fluid rise and cooler areas sink, creating a circulation pattern known as a convection current. In practical applications, such as heating a room or cooking, this means that warmer, less dense fluid rises while cooler, denser fluid moves in to take its place, effectively transferring heat throughout the fluid. This principle is foundational in various heating systems, such as radiators and HVAC systems, where air circulation is crucial for maintaining an even temperature in a space.

The other definitions relate to different modes of heat transfer: conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials, while radiation refers to heat transfer through electromagnetic waves, and the first option describes conduction but focuses on particle interaction rather than fluid movement. Understanding these distinctions is essential for comprehending how heat transfer mechanisms work in different scenarios.