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When the heat anticipator of a thermostat is set to low, it causes the heating unit to cycle on and off more frequently than necessary. This happens because the thermostat is less sensitive to temperature changes and will not wait long enough for the space to reach its desired temperature before turning off the heat. As a result, the system can repeatedly turn on and off, leading to constant cycling.

This constant cycling not only reduces the efficiency of the heating system but can also create discomfort in the heated space as the temperature fluctuates more than it would if the anticipator were set correctly. Setting the anticipator too low can lead to an increased wear and tear on the equipment and could potentially reduce the lifespan of the heating unit.

In summary, a low setting on the heat anticipator causes the heating unit to operate more frequently than needed, resulting in constant cycling and potentially creating uncomfortable temperature variations in the space being heated.